Real Time Tomographic Reflection with Ultrasound: Stationary and Hand-Held Implementations

Abstract

Our objective is to permit in situ visualization of ultrasound images so that direct hand-eye coordination can be employed during invasive procedures. A method is presented that merges the visual outer surface of a patient with a simultaneous ultrasound scan of the patient's interior. The method combines a flat-panel monitor with a half-silvered mirror such that the image on the monitor is reflected precisely at the proper location within the patient. The ultrasound image is superimposed in real time on the patient merging with the operator's hands and any invasive tools in the field of view. Instead of looking away from the patient at an ultrasound monitor, the operator sees through skin and underlying tissue as if it were translucent. Two working prototypes have been constructed, demonstrating independence of viewer location and requiring no special apparatus to be worn by the operator. The method could enable needles and scalpels to be manipulated with direct hand-eye coordination under ultrasound guidance. Invasive tools would be visible up to where they enter the skin, permitting natural visual extrapolation into the ultrasound slice. Biopsy needles would no longer be restricted to lie in the plane of the ultrasound scan, but could instead intersect it. These advances could lead to increased safety, ease, and reliability in certain invasive procedures.